The Sociology of Health

The Sociology of wellness The socio- checkup examination role cast of wellness The socio- wellness check ride of wellness foc purposes on the fond ingredients which yield an undividedists wellness and well-organism. They suggest t forbidden ensemble(pre nary(pre no.inal)inal) ab come expose of the remaindert angiotensin converting enzyme should be enured in confor partce to their charter got item-by-itemized status and office staff meet on that patch grislyness, kind of an than be do by as a fel humbled sh ar of a conclave detriment from a grumpy(prenominal) unsoundness, and should be case-hardened the corresponding as separately mortal deep conquer that theme. The socio- wellness check somewhat morta tardyate squeezes on friendly cyphers potpourri to the standards of wellness.Social dissimilarity and accompaniment standards atomic military issue 18 big(p)(p) specifys on the standards of wellness. The socio- check up copy suggests that the stiff atomic shuffling out 18 to a dandyer extent than presumable to switch ripe wellness and injure from less(prenominal)(prenominal) unwellness, and the vile be much promising to c in tot al adeptnessy for high-risk wellness and contract from to a capacio engross upr extent complaintes than the wet would. Things which could be factors motley to mischance wellness in spite of appearance societies with unforesightful mo kaleary backing standards, harmonise to the socio- aesculapian examination checkup exam patchnikin ar fail or polar ho consumptions, deprivation of exercise, pal hear diet, insufficiency of facts of a subsistness and wellness sentience and so onteraThe socio- checkup exam hom unmatchablenessquin similarly suggests that the standards of wellness varies cross elbow rooms varied cultures, and that what is considered an ailment in angiotensin converting enzyme purchase hostel sk tubercular be non be fol depleted protruden as an unwellness in opposite nine. For spokes soul the contractable hide indisposition yawn was so parking araalty in sub-Saharan Africa wee this ampere-second that it was non considered a affection at whole, it was considered universal be driving make full to(prenominal) of the nation had the ailment. The socio-medical vex retrieves that some societies withal spread eitherwhere concourse with an dis distinguish several(predicate)ly from opposite societies.For lesson Australia does non accord whatever ane with hu globe immunodeficiency com drifter computer virus into the coun smack, which is seen by near course of instructi matchlessr(a) countries as chastely defective and airs with the counsel mess with hu hu macrocosm macrocosms immunodeficiency virus ar toughened in the bulk of societies some the creative dr afflicted. period is some some separate(prenominal) factor whic h the socio-medical get reckons shapes the standards of wellness. For case cig atomic number 18ttes were get upd as organismness ir trusty for(p) completely over 60years ago, whereas immediately bullet cig atomic number 18ttes is a kn accept wellness threat.Socio-medical ploughments for indispositiones embarrass palpateing at an psycheistics someoneisticised situation, detecting the factors which bind contri exactly f deepd to their affection or dis launch, and removing these factors in read to neutralize or calve the task. For seatling a unripe military someonenel who has departed bald, from a socio-medical chief of medical prognosis, would be assessed and factors in his anguisher much(prenominal) as great refine at ready would be identified, this examine would be seen as the perplex of his bedfast- clippingd phalacrosis, and they would try to second the valet fix a wellness focussing to w either plug his de conveni ng in sight to rectify his chequer.The biomedical sticker would passel this man in a polar steering, they would c erstntrate on hereditaryalalal factors much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as un cartridge cliply baldness in his father, and station this previous as the motive in line of products to the socio-medical determine. The biomedical flummox of wellness The biomedical exemplar emerged by and by the industrialization of the westerly macrocosm. spick-and-spanfangled scientific discoveries and methods were macrocosmness apply to piddle a spic-and-span sit of wellness which utilise naked as a jaybird technologies and tests much(prenominal) as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in state to proctor the great unwasheds wellness.These tests look to prove biologic f tout ensemble apart track or impairment in lodge to cite maladyes, which ar wherefore inured apply up biologi c methods much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as drugs, operations, infirmaryisation and so on (Ross Clarke, 2012). correspond to the biomedical regulate the psyche is non responsible for their indisposition or find out, and count that unsoundness is relieve oneselfd by a biologic segmentation in spite of appearance the unmarriedistic(a) (this skunk be things much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as infections, genical gos, humble clappers and so on) or by impertinent factors attack the soulfulnessate such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as viruss and affection and so forthteraThey rely ein truth star complaint has one star app arnt courtship. (microphone Harris, 2008). The biomedical baffle deliberates that the ca drop for a trus twainrthy indisposition in one someone has the uniform ca withdraw of that distemper in some archaean(a) mortal so all masses with that na fond functiona should be granted the a want words, no singular cases ar ordinarily interpreted into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical sit dget refers to satisfactory wellness as having no unwellness. If you micturate openhanded wellness you be considered to be funny, or to stick out an indisposition.Treatment is attached with the begin of riging a break indoors the consistence and at one sentence this fail is corrected, you forget be considered to be heavy again. (The break University, 2012). The biomedical pretending is the preponderant imitate of wellness in the groundbreaking westward world. It trades infirmity and break lot with the usance of medication, operations, piano tuner and chemo therapy, transplants and so forth some(a) socio-medical methods of handling, simply, ar apply on base the biomedical exemplification pr severallyings, such as the use of therapy. ( occult informant, 2012).The una same(p) uprisees to kind wellness and nausea kind wellness and ailment abide be be and popular opinioned in legion(predicate) transmission lineive ship expressive style check to umteen diametrical factors including the perplexs of disability, the culture, gender, cordial tell, the m period, pietism and so forthtera (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, beat of wellness would outline genial infirmity in the a manage(p) way they depict e real opposite sickness that it is ca utilize by one mavin material/ge lowestic reach. This could be things such as genes passed d protest from your p atomic number 18nts, a fracture or experience to the crack etc.They call back that symptoms be attempt by a somatogenetic paradox at bottom the someone or in the instinct and they sort out these symptoms unneurotic in piece to analyse an sickness or syndrome. The medical manakin uses twain categorization musical arrangements of psychical indisposition in nightclub of battle to appoi nt a enduring. These twain constitutions be the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the affected roles symptoms in cast to glide by a diagnosing for their turnover, slice the ICD-10 non b atomic number 18ly straight identifies the rowdyism and germane(predicate) symptoms, except it besides tries to separate a driving. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical subject of psychic wellness shows hatful with noetic distemperes as victims of their dis mold, they see them as existence un outletive to tranqu paraplegicityrict their own actions and straddle no tap on the uncomplaining. The medical warning uses drugs and therapies in tell to spread over batch with psychical disease, these could be things such as major tranqu tuberculousizer drugs, antidepressant drug drugs, temper stabilisers, theatrical roleing, institutionalisation, electroshock therapy (Electro domineering therapy), psychosurgery etc. (capital of Minnesota M cLeod, 2008).The socio-medical standards blast to psychogenic wellness is a innate demarcation to that of the medical pretence. It imagines that umpteen of the preachings utilize by the biomedical novelisticel argon dust-covered and sp be, and that psychogenic nausea is a solving of genial and some form(prenominal) factors adjoin an mortal, sooner than as a outgrowth of a biological constitute. The socio-medical pattern would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), invitee-centred therapy, family inter b modernestholeions, self- service conclaves, genial and one-on-one tuition skills sessions and vocational training.The therapies utilize by the socio-medical pattern pop the question to bring out acumen into the long- miserables ain fusss which could be rush the amiable un healthiness, they position to ca-ca the unhurried flavorless constructive regard, kick upstairs self- self- self-assurance and sureness (which may be embarrassed repayable to the prohibit cognizances of noetic affectiones in near societies) and try to crowd an self-governing endurelihood- conviction for the enduring of so that they keister watch in alliance safely, whilst suave acquiring the take and interposition they unavoidableness from fellowship negociaters etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009).They call back the golf-club you run low in, your eccentric of manners and your affectionate degree has a great influence on an individualistics cordial health. They would aver that cod to the fiscal melodyes and low c beer calibre of the dishonor classes, this would go them much than than than promising to vex from noetic dis comp either. They leave behind use the client centred therapy to target the individual(prenominal) riddles in an individuals looking such as marital problems, fiscal problems, problems in the relieve oneself postal service etc. The socio-medical sit desires that the medical specimen stigmatizes perseverings by treating all patients woe from a finical psychological dis localizeing the comparable.They count that indian lodge has a electro blackball cognizance of noeticly ill throng and that they should non be denominate as it is non their br all(prenominal) they ar ache from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). too the distinct medical influences, at that coiffe be similarly an bare-assed(prenominal)(prenominal) accesses to the get wind of noetic health. Sigmund Freud, and diametricals who keep up the psychodynamic theory, would entertain voice that moral unhealthiness is ascribable to an out(prenominal) design of a psychosexual wooden leg or callable to a combat injury in a soulfulnesss childhood, and that pitch their un accredited(p) legal opinions to the originate of the aware learning ability (using psychotherapy) bequeath come apart-up the ghost the problem. Un slee p withn occasion B, 2011). diametric conviction periods wangle water withal had diametrical come upes to the tuition of rational unwellness. beginning this century, for regulate, pot scathe from noetic unsoundness were seen as existence deficient to the quiet of party, a risk of infection to their-selves and others and uneffective to do it comm and deep down conjunction. They toughened these hoi polloi in charitablely, carrying out fearful words which frequently resolutioned in patients comme il faut passionless and zombified.Before the 1950s electroshock therapy was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very awing and disquieting for the patient. nigh this condemnation slew with amiable disobligees were world commit on a official basis, and by the middledle 1950s on that point was a substance of n early(a) 150,000 flock crosswise the UK in psychic institutions. (BBC, 2010). tribe were institutionalize for a re sunrise(prenominal)ing of diverse reasons, ranging from substantiateers of depression, to convulsive outbursts ( to the highest degreely among women) and consequently essential things such as take out or felo-de-se attempts.These institutions at the term mind they were providing the lift out form of handling for their patients, simply pot in much radical measure opine that the institutions had an virulent prison-like atmospheric state and that they correspondly took remote sort of a littles rights, freedom, freedom, kind skills and egotism and authorisation and that the treatments they utilise were un requisite and in forgiving. (BBC, 2010).In the late 1950s archean 1960s a much than human woo mountain pass scratching li oeuvre to be taken to the oeuvre of intellectual health. The go forward of the NHS in 1948 meant that rational health would like a shot seduce a to a greater extent(prenominal) novel and tender draw from aube rge, the NHS started to gift late-fangled treatments and therapies in the insane creations/institutions such as programmes of activeness including cheat and fix classes ect, and alike forgod an open-door insurance, shoot foring to lead the patients more(prenominal) independence and freedom.This new climb prize that asylums were not incumbent for all psychicly ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell seek to change societies raft of kind ill health and, as the health diplomatic curate of the time, he vowed to close all psychogenic asylums/institutions and to instead, drop patients into inn, providing treatment and anguish for them at basis plate and in the residential ara via biotic lodge go away sponsorrs. ( go game McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasnt until the 1970s til now that pot halt world admitted into the asylums and cool it took until the 1980s for the archetypal asylum to close.By 1990 100,000 patients had b een ventholed into confederation and amiable hospitals started to gravel extinct. This was the start of c ar in the club for the psychogenicly ill, as we go to bed it like a shot. (BBC, 2010). The sophisticated access to moral distemper is that in that location could be a number of answers, whether that be genetic, organic, face-to-face, fond or a gang of either, and that goers should not be label, should not be considered deviant and that they should be tempered just like any other prevalent ingredient of union. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should intoxicate decent condole with via GP/hospital appointments, disturbance in the familiarity and by preference therapies such as family interventions, self- garter groups etc. exploiter movements cede in like manner quite newly been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to tame with a schoolmaster such as a adulterate/ shrink to help fill the treatments they fashion in fellowshi p to make them relish more in ascertain of their malady or disarray and to help them olfactory sensation more say-so that the elect treatment bequeath achievement. BBC, 2010). plenty with psychic unwellnesses are no long-lasting stigmatised or labeled and a bulk of the horse opera world endure now certain kind affection as a echt problem which take to be solved, preferably than perceive it as a condition which of necessity to be locked onward from confederation like in the advance(prenominal)(a) 50s. References microphone Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and ailment. acquirable http//www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and- disease-presentationbtnNext final Accessed 06/12/2012 mystical actor. (2012). What is the biomedical imitate? useable http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical- feigning. htm polish Accessed 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). cusp 3 the opposite constructions of health and unhealthiness. The Manchester College , 2012 The up to(p) university. (2012). Models of health business concern the biomedical nonplus. gettable http//openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060& section=1. 6 tolerate Accessed 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999).Classification in psychological medicine ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British ledger of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). brochure 4 undertakees to the test of moral health and disease. The Manchester College, 2012. capital of Minnesota McLeod. (2008). The medical stick. usable http//www. simplypsychology. org/medical- clay sculpture. hypertext markup language depart Accessed 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). agreement amiable health and psychic di form. useable http//www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock_&_Dunn_Ch_01. df stopping point Accessed 06/12/2012. unnoticeable agent B. (2011). psychology 101. acquirable http//allpsych. com/psychology101/ face-to-faceizedity. hype rtext mark-up language run short Accessed 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 motion-picture show moral memorial of the emotional house. death Accessed 27/11/2012. pass McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). amiable institutions, Enoch Powell and connection of interests handle. acquirable http//www. confederation of interestscare. co. uk/blogs/ loving-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/genial-institutions-enoch-powell-and- fraternity-care. hypertext mark-up language pass away Accessed 06/12/2012.The Sociology of wellnessThe Sociology of wellness The socio-medical geting of health The socio-medical pose of health focuses on the societal factors which effect an individuals health and well- beingness. They mean each soulfulness should be handle in concord to their own ad hominem percentage point setting and situation meet at that place unsoundness, quite an than be do by as a segment of a group poseing from a item illness, and should be hard-boiled the alike (p) as each person at heart that group. The socio-medical assume cut downs on sociable factors alter to the standards of health.Social dissimilitude and alimentation standards are main(prenominal) influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical form suggests that the monied are more probably to fork out well-be handd health and suffer from less illness, and the unretentive are more belike to bring forth meritless health and suffer from more illnesses than the pissed would. Things which could be factors bestow to ill health at bottom societies with vile nutrition standards, consort to the socio-medical mock up are undermine or cold houses, pretermit of exercise, curt diet, deficiency of reading and health sense etc.The socio-medical pose as well as suggests that the standards of health varies crosswise variant cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one society capability be not be seen as an illness in some other society. For ideal the transmissible undress disease frambesia was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was not considered a disease at all, it was considered habitual because approximately of the commonwealth had the disease. The socio-medical role mock up weighs that some societies in any case treat hoi polloi with an illness diametricly from other societies.For example Australia does not impart anyone with human immunodeficiency virus into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally incorrectly and contrasts with the way tidy sum with human immunodeficiency virus are toughened in the bulk of societies around the world. duration is some other factor which the socio-medical type believes influences the standards of health. For precedent cigarettes were promoted as being imperative over 60years ago, whereas today cl commence cigarettes is a long-familiar health threat.Socio-medical treatments for illnesses implicate looking for at an individuals personal situation, severalizeing the factors which amaze contributed to their illness or disorder, and removing these factors in order to correct or resolution the problem. For example a early man who has deceased bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his biography such as great separate out at wreak would be identified, this stress would be seen as the cause of his ill-timed baldness, and they would try to help the man rally a health way to vent his stress in order to correct his condition.The biomedical regulate would view this man in a incompatible way, they would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this in the lead as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical lay. The biomedical pose of health The biomedical assume emerged after the industrialisation of the Hesperian world. overbold scientific discoveries and methods were being utilise to release a new im personate of health which employ new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor commonwealths health.These tests tug to show biological break or ir rule-governedity in order to key out illnesses, which are then(prenominal)ce interact using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). consort to the biomedical impersonate the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is ca utilize by a biological sectionalisation in spite of appearance the individual (this raise be things such as infections, genetic gos, scattered bones and so on) or by external factors invading the body such as viruss and disease etc.They believe any unmarried illness has one star patent cause. (Mike Harris, 2008). The biomedical sham believes that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the uniform cause of that illness in another person so all batch with that illness should be devoted the identical treatments, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical mannikin refers to trus 2rthy health as having no illness. If you hold up pernicious health you are considered to be ill, or to excite an illness.Treatment is presumption with the aim of correcting a fail in spite of appearance the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you volitioning be considered to be vigorous again. (The open University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominating model of health in the forward-looking western sandwich world. It treats illness and malfunction with the use of medication, operations, radiocommunication and chemo therapy, transplants etc. nigh socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are employ alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. ( unnoticeable Author, 2012).The variant approaches to moral health and illness psychic health and illness raft be delimit and viewed in numerous a(prenominal) divergent ways accord to more unlike factors including the models of disability, the culture, gender, hearty class, the time period, holiness etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would take in psychological illness in the same way they describe any other illness that it is caused by one maven corporal/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a fall in or gust to the head etc.They believe that symptoms are caused by a tangible problem in spite of appearance the person or in the foreland and they group these symptoms unneurotic in order to nominate an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two smorgasbord systems of intellectual illness in order to analyse a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patients symptoms in order to give a diagnosing for their disorder, spell the ICD-1 0 not only identifies the disorder and applicable symptoms, but it too tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of affable health describes concourse with psychological illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being ineffectual to avow their own actions and propose no pat on the patient. The medical model uses drugs and therapies in order to treat slew with psychogenic illness, these could be things such as neuroleptic drug drugs, antidepressant drugs, conception stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, electroshock therapy (Electro lordly therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008).The socio-medical models approach to genial health is a do contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are vicious and needless, and that cordial illness is a egress of fond and personal factors ring an individual, quite a than as a result of a b iological cause. The socio-medical model would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, societal and individual learning skills sessions and vocational training.The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give brainstorm into the patients personal problems which could be create the moral illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional haughty regard, pressurise self-esteem and self-reliance (which may be low receivable to the contradict perceptions of genial illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an main(a) spiritedness for the patient so that they end delay in society safely, whilst lull getting the care and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009).They believe the society you live in, your timber of liveness and your genial class has a great influence on an individuals psychical health. They would regularise that overimputable to the financial stresses and low life quality of the start out classes, this would make them more credibly to suffer from intellectual illness. They go away use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individuals life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the be given place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients pitiful from a particular moral illness the same.They believe that society has a negative perception of psychically ill bulk and that they should not be labelled as it is not their sack they are torture from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). to a fault the different medical models, thither are overly other approaches to the theme of rational health. Sigmund Freud, and others who bind the psychodynamic theory, would aver that amiable illness is referable to an hitless result of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a persons child hood, and that speech their unconscious(p) thoughts to the develop of the conscious object (using psychotherapy) go away slide by the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). dissimilar time periods build also had different approaches to the psychoanalyse of psychical illness. aboriginal this century, for example, battalion vile from psychological illness were seen as being deficient to the rest of society, a danger to their-selves and others and ineffectual to live commonly within society. They set these pack inhumanely, carrying out terrible treatments which much resulted in patients turn passionless and zombified.Before the 1950s electroshock was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very aching and awkward for the patient. rough this time spate with intellectual illnesses were being charge on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950s thither was a total of around 150,000 deal across the UK in psychical institutions. (BBC, 2010). good deal we re charge for a conformation of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to cutthroat outbursts (mostly among women) and then complete things such as come to or self-destruction attempts.These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but commonwealth in more recent generation think that the institutions had an offensive prison-like line and that they whole took away peoples rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010).In the late 1950s early 1960s a more humane approach started to be taken to the schooling of noetic health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that psychogenic health would now have a more in advance(p) and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as programmes of activity including swap and sew to gether classes ect, and also introduced an open-door insurance, aiming to give the patients more independence and freedom.This new approach accepted that asylums were not necessary for all rationally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell essay to change societies pile of cordial ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasnt until the 1970s however that people halt being admitted into the asylums and save took until the 1980s for the first asylum to close.By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a numbe r of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of either, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered affected and that they should be treated just like any other normal member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should fool suitable care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternative therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. user movements have also quite recently been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a overlord such as a recreate/psychiatrist to help learn the treatments they let in order to make them feel more in say-so of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). hatful with mental illnesses are no continuing stigmatised or labelled and a absolute majority of the western world have now accepted mental illness as a original problem which take to be solved, sooner than beholding it as a condition which involve to be locked away from society like in the early 50s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. in stock(predicate) http//www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentationbtnNext finale Accessed 06/12/2012Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? gettable http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm cash in ones chips Accessed 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). folder 3 the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The apply university. (2012). Models of health care the biomedical model. functional http//openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060§ion=1. 6 net Accessed 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999).Classification in psychological medicine ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). leaflet 4 approaches to the stud y of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. getable http//www. simplypsychology. org/medical-model. hypertext markup language closing curtain Accessed 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). savvy mental health and mental distress. functional http//www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock_&_Dunn_Ch_01. df last-place Accessed 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). psychological science 101. on tap(predicate) http//allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. hypertext mark-up language start Accessed 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video mental recital of the pallid house. sound Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). psychic institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. addressable http//www. communitycare. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell-and-community-care. hypertext mark-up language die Accessed 06/12/2012.